What is extramedullary infiltration?
Abstract. Background: Extramedullary infiltration (EMI) is an occasional clinical symptom in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), but there is considerable controversy regarding the prognostic significance of EMI in AML.
What is extramedullary disease?
(2) Extramedullary disease is secondary to a hematogenous spread and refers to soft-tissue tumors arising from, or the PC infiltration of, an anatomical site distant from the bone marrow (mostly liver, skin, CNS, pleural effusion, kidneys, lymph nodes, and pancreas).
What is extramedullary AML?
Extramedullary leukemia (EM AML), also known as myeloid sarcoma, is a rare manifestation of acute myelogenous leukemia and often accompanies bone marrow involvement. EM AML is diagnosed based on H&E stains with ancillary studies including flow cytometry and cytogenetics.
What is extramedullary myeloid tumor?
Extramedullary myeloid cell tumor (granulocytic sarcoma, chloroma) is a rare tumor composed of immature granulocytes. 1,2. The disease may manifest in several different clinical settings. Most commonly it occurs in childhood,1 and most often in combination with preexisting acute myelogenous leukemia.
What is extramedullary myeloma?
Extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) is an aggressive subentity of multiple myeloma, characterized by the ability of a subclone to thrive and grow independent of the bone marrow microenvironment, resulting in a high-risk state associated with increased proliferation, evasion of apoptosis and treatment resistance.
Where does extramedullary hematopoiesis occur?
The liver and spleen are the main sites of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Other organs such as the lungs, kidney, and the peritoneal cavity can also become the sites of hematopoiesis when in diseased states.
What does the term myeloid mean?
Listen to pronunciation. (MY-eh-loyd) Having to do with or resembling the bone marrow. May also refer to certain types of hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells found in the bone marrow.
What is the cause of extramedullary hematopoiesis?
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is the formation and activation of blood cells outside the bone marrow (BM), as a response to hematopoietic stress caused by microbial infections and certain diseases, such as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), lymphomas, and leukemias, when the proper functioning of the marrow is …
Are platelets myeloid or lymphoid?
During this process, the cells become either lymphocytes (a kind of white blood cell) or other blood-forming cells, which are types of myeloid cells. Myeloid cells can develop into red blood cells, white blood cells (other than lymphocytes), or platelets. These myeloid cells are the ones that are abnormal in AML.
What causes extramedullary hematopoiesis?
Where is extramedullary hematopoiesis?