How did apple maggot flies evolve?
In the 1850s, a small group of these flies began laying their eggs in apples. “At some point the flies jumped to apples, with the adult flies evolving the ability to lay eggs in the fruit and the maggots the ability to consume the fruit,” Ragland said.
Why is apple maggot sympatric speciation?
The sympatric hypothesis posits that ecological specialization after a host shift can result in speciation in the absence of complete geographic isolation. The apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella, is a model for sympatric speciation in progress.
Are apple and hawthorn maggot flies separate species?
According to the phylogenetic species concept, are hawthorn and apple maggot flies separate species? YES – They are GENETICALLY DISTINGUISHABLE and have a DISTINCT GENETIC PROFILE, so they’re SEPARATE SPECIES according to this concept.
Where do apple maggots come from?
Life cycle of apple maggot Adult apple maggots begin to emerge from the soil starting around July 1, continuing through most of the summer. Adult flies often leave and feed outside the orchard, in wooded or brushy areas. They return to lay eggs just under the skin of apples. Each female fly can lay hundreds of eggs.
What is an example of Peripatric speciation?
An example of this is the London Underground mosquito, a variant of the mosquito Culex pipiens, which entered in the London Undgerground in 19th century. Evidence for its speciation includes genetic divergence, behavioural differences, and difficulty in mating.
Are apple flies a new species?
Roughly 180 years ago, some hawthorn fruit flies in the Eastern coast of North America smelt the fruits on apple trees — a fairly recent import into that region from Europe — and found them attractive. Today, nearly 2 centuries later, the flies have evolved into two distinct ‘tribes’.
How long do apple maggots live?
Flies emerge in the summer beginning in June and continuing through August and September, and eggs are laid in the apple fruit. The fly cycles through one generation a year with adults living up to four weeks.
Where do apple maggot flies live?
The apple maggot is a small fly native to the northeastern United States and Canada, where it originally fed on hawthorn. It was not until 100 years after apples were introduced to North America that it was found feeding on apples.
Which is an example of allopatric speciation?
1: Allopatric speciation due to geographic separation: The northern spotted owl and the Mexican spotted owl inhabit geographically separate locations with different climates and ecosystems. The owl is an example of allopatric speciation.
What does apple maggot look like?
Identification Slightly smaller than a housefly, adult apple maggots are 1/5 inch long and have conspicuous black bands — resembling a W — running across their transparent wings. The larvae (1/4 inch long) are white, tapered maggots that tunnel throughout the flesh of fruit.
What causes maggot?
The top causes of maggots in or around your home include improperly stored trash, excess dog feces, or the presence of an animal carcass. The female flies are attracted to such materials and lay their eggs on them.
What is parapatric speciation example?
3.2 Parapatric Speciation The best-known example of incipient parapatric speciation occurs in populations of the grass Agrostis tenuis which span mine tailings and normal soils. Individuals that are tolerant to heavy metals, a heritable trait, survive well on contaminated soil, but poorly on non-contaminated soil.
What are the 5 types of speciation?
There are five types of speciation: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric and artificial. Allopatric speciation (1) occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated from one another.