What is the main marker of reactive astrocytes?
Both reactive and scar-forming astrocytes highly express astrocyte marker proteins (GFAP, β-catenin, nestin, and N-cadherin), but they have their own marker genes.
What is Neuroglia?
Listen to pronunciation. (noor-OH-glee-uh) Any of the cells that hold nerve cells in place and help them work the way they should. The types of neuroglia include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.
What are reactive astrocytes?
Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes that undergo morphological, molecular, and functional changes in response to pathological situations in surrounding tissue (that is, due to CNS disease, injury, deleterious experimental manipulation).
What are the 4 types of neuroglia?
Based upon their appearance, function, and origin, four types of glial cells have been identified in the central nervous system: astrocytes, oligodendroglia, ependymal cells, and microglia.
What do neuroglial cells do?
Glial (Neuroglial) cells do not conduct nerve impulses, but, instead, support, nourish, and protect the neurons. Glial cells are far more numerous than neurons and, unlike neurons, are capable of mitosis.
Why do astrocytes become reactive?
Astrocyte reactivity is triggered by any alteration in brain homeostasis. Astrocytes are equipped with many receptors and intracellular signaling cascades to respond quickly to changes in their environment (Buffo et al., 2010; Burda and Sofroniew, 2014).
How do astrocytes become activated?
Abstract. Astrocytes become activated (reactive) in response to many CNS pathologies, such as stroke, trauma, growth of a tumor, or neurodegenerative disease.
What are protoplasmic astrocytes?
Protoplasmic astrocytes posses highly branched bushy processes and are widely distributed in the gray matter. They extend endfeet to blood vessels and enwrap them to form the glial limiting membrane, which is the outermost wall of the blood brain barrier (BBB).
What are the 5 Neuroglial cells?
The five types of glial cells found in the central nervous system are: Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells, and Radial glia.
What are the six Neuroglial cells?
Neuroglia. There are six types of neuroglia—four in the central nervous system and two in the PNS. These glial cells are involved in many specialized functions apart from support of the neurons. Neuroglia in the CNS include astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes.