What is hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome?
Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a complication of type 2 diabetes. It involves extremely high blood sugar (glucose) level without the presence of ketones.
What are the symptoms of HHS?
Symptoms
- Blood sugar level of 600 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 33.3 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) or higher.
- Excessive thirst.
- Dry mouth.
- Increased urination.
- Warm, dry skin.
- Fever.
- Drowsiness, confusion.
- Hallucinations.
What factors may lead to HHNS?
HHNS is typically brought on by: An infection, such as pneumonia or a urinary tract infection. Poor management of blood sugar and/or not taking diabetes medications as prescribed. Taking certain medications, such as glucocorticoids (which alter glucose levels) and diuretics (which increase urine output)
What is the cause of HHS?
Symptoms and Causes HHS occurs when the blood sugar of a person with diabetes becomes too high (hyperglycemia) for a long time. The extra sugar is passed into the urine, which causes the person to urinate frequently. As a result, he or she loses a lot of fluid, which can lead to severe dehydration (extreme thirst).
Do you give insulin in HHS?
All patients with HHS require IV insulin therapy; however, immediate treatment with insulin is contraindicated in the initial management of patients with HHS. The osmotic pressure that glucose exerts within the vascular space contributes to the maintenance of circulating volume in these severely dehydrated patients.
Do you have fruity breath with HHS?
If you have fruity breath along with more serious symptoms like excessive thirst, seek immediate medical attention, especially if you’re diabetic. This can be a sign of DKA or HHS, both of which can lead to high blood pressure or death if left untreated.
What type of insulin is used for HHS?
Insulin glulisine (Apidra)
Why is potassium high in HHS?
Commonly, at time of presentation of HHS, serum potassium may be elevated due to an extracellular shift caused by insulin deficiency. However, total body potassium is likely low regardless of its serum value. The average potassium deficit in normally about 300-600 mEq.
How do you manage HHS?
Treatment of HHS Treatment is 0.9% (isotonic) saline solution at a rate of 15 to 20 mL/kg/hour, for the first few hours. After that, the corrected sodium should be calculated. If the corrected sodium is < 135 mEq/L (< 135 mmol/L), then isotonic saline should be continued at a rate of 250 to 500 mL/hour.
Is hyperosmolar and hypertonic the same thing?
Hypertonic vs Hyperosmotic – What’s the difference? is that hypertonic is (of a solution) having a greater osmotic pressure than another while hyperosmotic is hypertonic.
How to pronounce hyperosmolar?
hyperosmia pronunciation with meanings, synonyms, antonyms, translations, sentences and more The right way to pronounce the word kyckling in Swedish is? shooc-leeng
How do you treat hhnk?
Fluids given through a vein (intravenously) to treat dehydration
Which diabetes drug is best?
– insulin degludec (Tresiba) – insulin detemir (Levemir) – insulin glargine (Lantus) – insulin glargine (Toujeo)