What is Retrobulbar hemorrhage?
Retrobulbar hemorrhage (RBH) is a rapidly progressive, sight-threatening emergency that results in an accumulation of blood in the retrobulbar space.
How do you manage Retrobulbar hemorrhage?
The majority of retrobulbar hemorrhages can be managed conservatively with digital ocular massage or intravenous acetazolamide or mannitol. However, further surgical intervention is indicated when vision is at risk.
What is orbital hemorrhage?
Orbital hemorrhage is bleeding within the orbit that can quickly cause vision loss if not addressed in a timely manner. Vision loss occurs due to a compartment syndrome within the orbital walls that compromises the optic nerve and its blood supply.
What is Extraconal hematoma?
Extraconal hematoma has a classic appearance of a confined lentiform hyperdense hematoma, analagous to an intracranial extradural hemorrhage. It is usually located in the superior half of the orbit and almost always adjacent to a fracture of the bony orbit.
Where is the retrobulbar space?
Retrobulbar anesthesia is a type of regional anesthetic nerve block in the retrobulbar space, located behind the globe of the eye.
How is retrobulbar hematoma diagnosed?
Signs of retrobulbar hemorrhage include expanding proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, increased intraocular pressure, loss of pupillary reflexes, and optic disc or retinal pallor [3, 4]. Both Computed Tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be performed in the diagnosis.
What causes periorbital hematoma?
Racoon eye or periorbital ecchymosis is caused by blood tracking into periorbital tissues, which is frequently observed after head trauma but is also observed in systemic diseases, such as amyloidosis, neuroblastoma, and surgical interventions.
What is in a retrobulbar block?
Retrobulbar block is type of regional anesthetic nerve block used in intraocular surgery. In this technique, local anesthetic is injected into the retrobulbar space, the area located behind the globe of the eye.
How is retrobulbar hemorrhage diagnosed?
What deficiency causes acute retrobulbar neuritis?
The cause of neurological symptoms is thought to be secondary to the role that vitamin B12 plays in neuronal myelination, which could lead to a reduction in the nerve impulse in the optic nerve.
What is the difference between haemorrhage and bleeding?
Bleeding, also called hemorrhage, is the name used to describe blood loss. It can refer to blood loss inside the body, called internal bleeding, or to blood loss outside of the body, called external bleeding.