Why do exterior walls have additional bracing?
Wall bracing provides racking resistance against horizontal (lateral) racking loads from wind and earthquakes and prevents the wall studs from distorting in the plane of the wall (racking) in “domino fashion” and, thus, prevents building collapse.
Who determines when forms and shores may be removed?
(1) Formwork and shores (except those used for slabs on grade and slip forms) shall not be removed until the employer determines that the concrete has gained sufficient strength to support its weight and superimposed loads.
What is the best angle for bracing?
between 30° and 60°
Bracing is most efficient when placed at angles between 30° and 60°. With steeper bevels, the end connections can be cumbersome. Any brace configuration can be used to make up a horizontal bracing system, as long as a complete load path is available to transfer the load into the lateral load resisting system.
What is the thickness required of a masonry wall having?
Resources
| Type of Masonry | Nominal Thickness (in.) |
|---|---|
| • Solid masonry | 5 |
| • Grouted or filled cell masonry | 6 |
| • Hollow masonry | 6 |
| • Cavity or masonry bonded hollow walls | 8a |
What are some of the requirements that must be met when single post shores are used one on top of another?
If single-post shores are used one on top of another (tiered), the following requirements must be met in addition to the general requirements for formwork: the shores must be designed by a qualified designer, the erected shores must be inspected by an engineer who is qualified in structural design, single-post shores …
How long do concrete forms have to stay on?
The forms or “molding” that holds the concrete in place until it dries should be left alone for at least two days to ensure that the concrete is completely dry. If the forms are removed too soon, the concrete can begin to sag, crack and collapse, especially if conditions like temperature affected its strength.