What is the pathophysiology of swine flu?
The pathological findings associated with swine flu include multifocal destruction and potential desquamation of the pseudo columnar and columnar epithelial cells, and possibly prominent hyperemia and edema in the submucosa. There may also be thrombus formation at the bronchiolar level.
What is pathogenesis of influenza?
The primary mechanism of influenza pathophysiology is a result of lung inflammation and compromise caused by direct viral infection of the respiratory epithelium, combined with the effects of lung inflammation caused by immune responses recruited to handle the spreading virus (Table 1).
Can swine flu cause heart problems?
H1N1 influenza associated myocarditis appears to present with more severe disease, with most reporting fulminant myocarditis and acute heart failure.
What pathogen causes influenza?
Influenza is caused by infection of the respiratory tract with influenza viruses, RNA viruses of the Orthomyxovirus genus.
How does H1N1 affect the body?
Like the regular flu, swine flu can lead to more serious problems including pneumonia, a lung infection, and other breathing problems. And it can make an illness like diabetes or asthma worse.
What type of pathogen causes influenza?
INFECTIOUS AGENT Influenza is caused by infection of the respiratory tract with influenza viruses, RNA viruses of the Orthomyxovirus genus.
How does influenza affect lung tissue pathology?
Autopsy studies revealed that severe infection with influenza damages the airway and alveolar epithelium resulting in diffuse alveolar damage complicated by bacterial pneumonia, most commonly with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, in a significant minority (26–38%) of patients [14].
What virus causes hypertension?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common infection in adults (seropositive 60-99% globally), and is associated with cardiovascular diseases, in line with risk factors such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Several viral infections are linked to hypertension, including human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) and HIV-1.
Does flu affect blood pressure?
Viral infections like the flu also put added stress on your body, which can affect your blood pressure, heart rate, and overall heart function. That can raise your odds of having a heart attack or stroke.
Does the flu affect blood pressure?
How does influenza affect the heart?
Studies have shown that flu illness is associated with an increase in heart attacks and stroke. A 2018 study found that the risk of having a heart attack was 6 times higher within a week of a confirmed flu infection. These findings were most pronounced for older adults and those experiencing their first heart attack.
How does influenza damage the body?
Our study in an animal model found that influenza infection leads to an increase in the expression of muscle-degrading genes and a decrease in expression of muscle-building genes in skeletal muscles in the legs. Functionally, influenza infection also hinders walking and leg strength.
What are the long term effects of swine flu?
Worsening of chronic conditions, such as heart disease and asthma. Pneumonia. Neurological signs and symptoms, ranging from confusion to seizures. Respiratory failure.
What are the mechanisms of transmission for H1N1?
Swine influenza (novel H1N1 and H3N2v) spreads from person to person, either by inhaling the virus or by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus, then touching the mouth or nose. Infected droplets are expelled into the air through coughing or sneezing.
How does influenza cause disease?
The flu is caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. These viruses spread when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk, sending droplets with the virus into the air and potentially into the mouths or noses of people who are nearby.
How does influenza affect the respiratory system?
Influenza virus infects respiratory epithelial cells that line the upper (including nasal) through lower (to the alveoli) respiratory tract. A key parameter in determining the extent of associated disease is the degree to which the lower respiratory tract becomes invaded by the virus [7].
Which respiratory tract complications are observed during influenza infection and why?
Uncomplicated human influenza virus infection causes transient tracheo-bronchitis, corresponding with predominant virus attachment to tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells. The main complication is extension of viral infection to the alveoli, often with secondary bacterial infection, resulting in severe pneumonia.