What does AP endonuclease do in base excision repair?
The paradigm for repair of oxidized base lesions in genomes via the base excision repair (BER) pathway is based on studies in Escherichia coli, in which AP endonuclease (APE) removes all 3′ blocking groups (including 3′ phosphate) generated by DNA glycosylase/AP lyases after base excision.
How many enzymes are involved in base excision repair?
BER requires only four or five enzymes in the basic reaction steps to carry out repair of DNA containing AP sites or base damage. These include a DNA glycosylase, an AP endonuclease, a DNA polymerase, and a DNA ligase 15. BER is initiated with excision of a damaged base by the DNA glycosylase.
What is the difference between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair?
In base excision repair, just the damaged base is removed. In nucleotide excision repair, as in the mismatch repair we saw above, a patch of nucleotides is removed.
What proteins are involved in the base excision repair?
The major core proteins required in the different steps in short-patch repair are an initiating DNA glycosylase, AP-endonuclease APE1, DNA polymerase b (Pol β), and DNA ligase I or III (LIG1/3). These include DNA polymerase δ/ε, PCNA, FEN1, and LIG1.
What is NER and BER?
Three excision repair pathways exist to repair single stranded DNA damage: Nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), and DNA mismatch repair (MMR). While the BER pathway can recognize specific non-bulky lesions in DNA, it can correct only damaged bases that are removed by specific glycosylases.
What are the 3 steps of nucleotide excision repair?
The basic mechanism of excision repair involves: (1) damage recognition; (2) subunit assembly; (3) dual incisions that result in excision of the damage-containing oligomer; (4) resynthesis to fill in the gap; and (5) ligation to regenerate an intact molecule.
What is meant by photoreactivation?
Definition of photoreactivation : repair of DNA (as of a bacterium) especially by a light-dependent enzymatic reaction after damage by ultraviolet irradiation.
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