What is cortical bone composed of?
osteons
Cortical bone is dense and solid and surrounds the marrow space, whereas trabecular bone is composed of a honeycomb-like network of trabecular plates and rods interspersed in the bone marrow compartment. Both cortical and trabecular bone are composed of osteons. Cortical osteons are called Haversian systems.
What are cortical bones?
Cortical bone is the strong and compact type of bone found on the outer layer of the long bones and makes up about 80% of the skeleton. The femoral neck is made up of both cortical and trabecular bone.
What is the basic structural and functional unit of cortical bone?
The osteon, often termed the primary structural unit of cortical bone, is a cylindrical structure in which a central canal containing blood vessels is surrounded by 20 to 30 concentric lamellae (Jee, 2001).
What is the composition of matrix in which bone cells are embedded?
The organic matrix of bone is composed of collagen and non-collagenous organic materials. Collagen comprises about 90% of the organic bone matrix. Type I collagen is the most abundant form of intrinsic collagen found in the bone that is secreted by osteoblasts.
What are the mechanical characteristics of cortical bone?
Early research on the microstructural and compositional factors that control the mechanical properties of cortical bone focused largely on porosity and mineralization. Cortical porosity is negatively correlated with Young’s modulus (42), compressive ultimate stress (43), and fracture toughness (44).
Is the cortical bone tissue dense?
Cortical bone is a dense tissue that contains less than 10% soft tissue. Cancellous or spongy bone is made up of trabecules shaped as plates or rods interspersed between bone marrow that represents more than 75% of the cancellous bone volume.
Which kind of compounds compose bone matrix?
protein , calcium and phosphorous are the kind of compound compose to bone matrix. The ligament is the tissue that connects two bones, cartilage is another type of connective tissue that has a solid matrix.
Which cells are embedded in a hard matrix that is composed of calcium and phosphorus?
The bone cells are known as osteocytes which are embedded in a hard matrix that is composed of Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) compounds.
What is the density of cortical bone?
The mass density of cortical bone ranges typically between 1.6 and 2 g.cm−3. The variations of mass density are due to a combination of variations of the bone volume fraction in a volume of interest (i.e., the bone is more or less porous) and the variations of the mass density of the extracellular mineralized matrix.
What are the properties of cortical bone?
Basic material properties. The material behavior of cortical bone is anisotropic. The strength and tensile/compressive moduli of cortical bone along the longitudinal direction (the direction aligned with the diaphyseal axis) are greater than those along the radial and circumferential directions (Table 1).
Where is the cortical bone tissue located in the body?
Cortical bone tissue is mostly located in the outer layer of the long bones forming the shaft and inner part of the trabecular bone at the proximal and distal ends of the bone tissue. Moreover, it constitutes about 80% of the total mass of the skeleton in our body.
What are the characteristics of cortical bone?
Cortical (or compact) bone makes up approximately 80% of total skeletal tissue mass. It has a high matrix mass per unit volume and low porosity. These features endow cortical bone with great compressive strength enabling it to prominently contribute to the mechanical role of bone.
What is bone histology?
Histology of Bone. The strength, shape and stability of the human body are dependent on the musculoskeletal system. The most robust aspect of this unit is the underlying bony architecture.
What is cortical and trabecular bone?
Cortical bone constitutes approximately 80% of the skeletal mass and trabecular bone approximately 20%. Bone surfaces may be undergoing formation or resorption, or they may be inactive. These processes occur throughout life in both cortical and trabecular bone.