How does pharmacogenomics benefit certain populations?
It may improve patient safety. Severe drug reactions cause more than an estimated 120,000 hospitalizations each year. Pharmacogenomics may prevent these by identifying patients at risk. It may improve health care costs and efficiency.
Where is pharmacogenomics used?
One current use of pharmacogenomics involves people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Before prescribing the antiviral drug abacavir (Ziagen), doctors now routinely test HIV-infected patients for a genetic variant that makes them more likely to have a bad reaction to the drug.
What are the challenges of pharmacogenomics?
Challenges in Pharmacogenomics
| Challenge | Potential Approaches |
|---|---|
| Data management, including uniform representation of phenotypic data | Improved informatics |
| Centralized, Web-accessible public database relating genetic variants and drug responses: www.PharmGKB.org | |
| Reproducibility | Replication sets |
| Large study populations |
What is the impact of pharmacogenomics?
Pharmacogenomics tests are responsible for drug metabolism, transport, and drug target. Genetic variations can increase the risk of toxicity or poor efficacy. Pharmacogenomics helps us to select the most suitable drug and dose to achieve a better therapeutic response.
Who benefits from pharmacogenetic testing?
Pharmacogenomic testing can help doctors decide which medications to use. An individual’s genes may help determine which medications to avoid or how to adjust the dose of a medication allowing a doctor to tailor medications to a patient based on differences in the patient’s genes.
What is the purpose of most pharmacogenomic research?
Pharmacogenomics (sometimes called pharmacogenetics) is a field of research that studies how a person’s genes affect how he or she responds to medications. Its long-term goal is to help doctors select the drugs and doses best suited for each person.
What barriers limit the clinical use of pharmacogenetics?
A number of the barriers to clinical pharmacogenomics are related to infrastructure. This includes the ethical and political frameworks, the re-education of many different groups in the health sector, and the physical infrastructure for the pharmacogenomic tests.
What is the difference between pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics?
Pharmacogenetics is the study of genetic causes of individual variations in drug response whereas pharmacogenomics deals with the simultaneous impact of multiple mutations in the genome that may determine the patient’s response to drug therapy.
How can pharmacogenetics improve drug therapy?
When used appropriately, pharmacogenetic testing can be a practical tool to optimize drug therapy and avoid medication adverse effects. Clinical pharmacogenetics determines whether individual differences in the expression of a protein or enzyme affect the metabolism of a drug.
What are the risks of pharmacogenetics?
Potential risks of pharmacogenetics included health care rationing, misuse of information, and stigma to individuals and the AN community. Potential rewards included decreased care costs, improved outcomes, and community development.
Which are the barriers in the implementation of pharmacogenomics testing in primary care?
Common barriers to the implementation of PGx included cost, concerns over incorporation into current workflow and a lack of knowledge about PGx; whilst frequent enablers included optimism that PGx could lead to precision medicine, reduce ADRs and become a more routine part of psychiatric clinical care.
How common is pharmacogenetic testing?
From this 4.66 million, we identified 5712 patients (0.12%) who received a total of 15,382 single-gene pharmacogenetic tests of interest from January 2013 to September 2017. The most common pharmacogenetic test was CYP2C19, followed by CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 (Table 2).