How do you prepare a tanker for loading?
Before a tanker approaches port, there are several factors that must be considered:
- Testing of cargo/ballast valves, sea valves, pipelines, pumps, inert gas systems, emergency stops.
- Preparedness of fire-fighting, life-saving and anti-pollution equipment.
- Preparation of tanks, including readiness of slop tanks.
What is the role of loading master?
A Loading Master oversees coordination of all activities related to bulk carrier vessels. They manage the loading, transfer and discharge of all cargoes whilst maintaining safety standards.
What is loading on top for oil tanker?
Load on top is the shipboard procedure of collecting and settling water and oil mixtures, resulting from ballasting and tank cleaning operations (usually in a special slop tank or tanks), and subsequently loading cargo on top of and pumping the mixture ashore at the discharge port.
How are oil tankers loaded?
The basis of the Submerged Turret Loading system is the buoy moored to the seabed. The buoy is pulled into and secured in a mating cone in the bottom of the vessel and thus connecting the mooring system.
How is tanker loading rate calculated?
The first step is to determine the rate of loading. From 0945 to 1130, you have loaded 223,000 – 202,000 barrels, which is to say that in 1.75 hours (1 hour 45 minutes), you’ve loaded 21,000 barrels. 21000/1.75 works out to a loading rate of 12,000 barrels per hour.
What must be checked before loading tanker as per preload guidance?
Prior to loading, the vessel’s tanks are inspected by the terminal representative and / or surveyor(s), who should sign a certificate as applicable, indicating the amount of sediment, oil and free water remaining in the tanks prior loading as applicable.
What is tanker loading?
The tanker loading and unloading process often includes the inspection of the truck, trailer, and equipment, and verifying that the right tanker is unloading the right chemical product into the right storage tank.
How much oil does a oil tanker carry?
A GP tanker can carry between 70,000 barrels and 190,000 barrels of motor gasoline (3.2-8 million gallons) and an MR tanker can carry between 190,000 barrels and 345,000 barrels (8-14.5 million gallons).
What is BOD loading rate?
Organic loading rate is defined as the application of soluble and particulate organic matter. It is typically expressed on an area basis as pounds of BOD5 per unit area per unit time, such as pounds of BOD5 per square foot per day (lb/ft2/day).
Why are you only allowed to load maximum 98% of the tank capacity?
Tank Capacity When cargo is to be lifted to full capacity, the tanks must not be loaded beyond 98% of their maximum capacity, having due regard to the possible expansion of the cargo. The temperature of cargo at load port.
How long does it take to load an oil tanker?
Once the tanker is moored at a single point mooring (SPM) buoy and Hi-tech flexible hoses are attached to the ship’s manifold, crude oil can begin being loaded into the vessel. LOOP can fully load a VLCC in as little as 2.5 days.
How do I calculate BOD load?
BOD (or COD) load: Units: kg/day The concentration of BOD (in mg/l) in the influent can be used to calculate the total BOD load per day being treated. This is simply done by multiplying the BOD in mg/l by the daily effluent volume in cubic metres (m3) and dividing the product by 1000.
What is COD load?
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was defined as the measured amount of oxygen needed to chemically oxidise the organics present in wastewater. The less polluted the wastewater is, the less oxygen needed to chemically oxidise the organics present hence the less or smaller the COD value.
How much does an oil tanker cost per day?
The cost of operating the largest tankers, the Very Large Crude Carriers, is currently between $10,000 and $12,000 per day.
How much oil does an oil tanker carry?