What does ANFO consist of?
ANFO (/ˈænfoʊ/ AN-foh) (or AN/FO, for ammonium nitrate/fuel oil) is a widely used bulk industrial explosive. It consists of 94% porous prilled ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) (AN), which acts as the oxidizing agent and absorbent for the fuel, and 6% number 2 fuel oil (FO).
How is ANFO used in mining?
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil is a mixture of ammonium nitrate (AN) and fuel oil (FO). ANFO is commonly used in the mining industry as an explosive because of its low cost and is estimated to comprise 80% of all explosives used annually in North America.
What would you use ANFO for?
Ammonium Nitrate is an adaptable oxidizer that works well when explosions are needed during mining or quarrying operations. When combined with fuel oil, it makes an effective explosive that has a wide range of applications.
What is the most common use for ANFO?
ANFO is one of the most widely used explosives in the mining industry, despite competing in the market with the much more efficient emulsion explosives (EEs). This is mainly due to its uncomplicated manufacturing technology, small number of its components, and low production costs compared to EEs [17] (Table 2).
How is ANFO prepared?
Weight ANFO is generally prepared in trucd mixer, wherein, first prepares ANFO, then mixes with emulsion. The bulk emulsion used in weight ANFO preparation can be inflated or do not inflate. This heavy ANFO system achieves the great flexibility that bulk emulsion ANFO is relevant.
How is ammonium nitrate made?
Ammonium nitrate is made by reaction of ammonia with nitric acid in water followed by careful evaporation of the water. Ammonia is most often prepared from atmospheric nitrogen, while nitric acid is prepared from the combustion of ammonia, and so ammonium nitrate is most conveniently manufactured where ammonia is made.
What is the full form ANFO?
nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO) in dry mix, slurry, or emulsion form.
How do you make pure ammonium nitrate?
First, ammonium nitrate solution is prepared by reacting preheated ammonia with nitric acid in a neutralizer. The heat of reaction is utilized for evaporation and 80–83% ammonium nitrate solution is obtained. This concentrated solution is further concentrated to obtain 92–94% solution in a vacuum concentrator.
What fertilizer has ammonium nitrate?
Ammonium nitrate is the “N” in N-P-K synthetic lawn fertilizer. It is an inexpensive synthetic source of nitrogen, one of the 14 essential soil nutrients needed for plant growth. Lawn grass needs a steady supply of nitrogen to thrive and must be replenished regularly.
How expensive is ANFO?
Cost effective new formulation of ANFO by using Biomass Briquette as Additive
| ANFO / Biomass Briq Cost Calculation: | ||
|---|---|---|
| Total | 1000 | 35570 |
| Qty | Cost (Rs) | |
| ANFO/Briq. | 1000 | |
| AN | 910 | 29120 |
How does ammonium nitrate become explosive?
At high enough temperatures, however, ammonium nitrate can violently decompose on its own. This process creates gases including nitrogen oxides and water vapour. It is this rapid release of gases that causes an explosion.
What is the NPK of ammonium nitrate?
Ammonium nitrate is an important fertilizer with NPK rating 34-0-0 (34% nitrogen).
What plants use ammonium nitrate?
Ammonium nitrate provides much-needed nitrogen to lawn grasses and garden plants in an easily accessible form that doesn’t leach out of the soil.