Where are the Zygapophyseal joints located?
the spine
Zygapophyseal joints are the only synovial joints in the spine, with hyaline cartilage overlying subchondral bone, a synovial membrane and a joint capsule; they comprise the postero-lateral articulation between vertebral levels (Figure 1).
What does the Sinuvertebral nerve innervate?
The sinuvertebral nerve (or Luschka nerve) is a recurrent nerve that originates from the ventral ramus rande-entering the spinal canal via the intervertebral foramina to innervate the anulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc, the ligaments and periosteum of the spinal canal.
What is a Verterbrae?
Vertebrae: The spine has 33 stacked vertebrae (small bones) that form the spinal canal. The spinal canal is a tunnel that houses the spinal cord and nerves, protecting them from injury. Most vertebrae move to allow for a range of motion. The lowest vertebrae (sacrum and coccyx) are fused together and don’t move.
Where is vertebrae 4 and 5 located?
lumbar spine
The L4 and L5 are the two lowest vertebrae of the lumbar spine. Together with the intervertebral disc, joints, nerves, and soft tissues, the L4-L5 spinal motion segment provides a variety of functions, including supporting the upper body and allowing trunk motion in multiple directions.
What nerve Innervates the zygapophyseal joint?
C2–C3 zygapophyseal joint is innervated by the third occipital nerve, which is the superficial medial branch of the dorsal ramus of C3. Pain stemming from this joint (named third occipital headache) was seen in 27% of patients presenting with cervicogenic headache after whiplash injury.
Are zygapophyseal joints the same as facet joints?
The joints in the spine are commonly called Facet Joints. Other names for these joints are Zygapophyseal or Apophyseal Joints. Each vertebra has two sets of facet joints. One pair faces upward (superior articular facet) and one downward (inferior articular facet).
What are gray rami communicantes?
Gray ramus communicans The grey rami communicantes exist at every level of the spinal cord and are responsible for carrying postganglionic nerve fibres from the paravertebral ganglia to their destination, and for carrying those preganglionic nerve fibres which enter the paravertebral ganglia but do not synapse.
What could be the result of disease or injury of the zygapophyseal joint?
The zygapophyseal joint can also cause low back pain. Articular degeneration with zygapophyseal joint sclerosis may be associated with back pain. Patients with facet joint syndrome can often experience back and buttock pain that is worse with standing and walking or lumbar extension and alleviated with forward flexion.
What does zygapophyseal mean?
Also known as the zygapophyseal or apophyseal joint, is a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment.
What is GREY Rami and white rami?
White rami are lateral to the gray rami, their post-ganglionic unmyelinated sympathetic counterpart. White rami communicantes function ipsilaterally and appear on both sides of the spinal column. As part of the sympathetic system, white rami communicantes originate from the thoracolumbar (T1 to L2) vertebral outflows.
What is the difference between white and gray rami communicantes?
The white ramus communicans carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the sympathetic chain, while the gray ramus contains postganglionic sympathetic fibers rejoining the spinal nerve. Both of these branches contain afferent fibers as well.
Is ventral rami sensory or motor?
Ventral rami of the spinal nerves carry sensory and motor fibres for the innervation of the muscles, joints, and skin of the lateral and ventral body walls and the extremities. Both dorsal and ventral rami also contain autonomic fibres.