Why do statins have pleiotropic effects?
Statins increase endothelial NO production, in part, by upregulating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), which may be a pleiotropic effect of statins (Table 4).
Why statins are not prescribed in hemorrhagic stroke?
Because patients with ischemic stroke have a higher incidence of microhemorrhages, the effect of statins on the coagulation and fibrinolytic system may thus be responsible for the higher incidence of hemorrhagic stroke.
Do statins increase stroke risk?
It has been suggested that statins increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in individuals with a history of stroke, which has led to a precautionary principle of avoiding statins in patients with prior intracerebral hemorrhage.
What is pleiotropy effect?
Pleiotropy is a phenomenon increasingly recognized by the usage of hypothesis-free exome sequencing rather than candidate gene approaches to identify novel disease genes. It refers to the effect that mutations in one and the same gene may lead to multiple, seemingly unrelated diseases.
What is meant by pleiotropic effects?
Though pleiotropic effects are defined as a single gene affecting multiple systems or determining more than one phenotype, lately statin pleiotropy is referred as statins exerting multiple pharmacological activities.
When should I start taking statin after hemorrhagic stroke?
New initiation of statins within 3 days after ischemic stroke did not affect risk of subacute ICH within 6 months but might be associated with improved functional outcome and lower mortality.
Should you take statins after a stroke?
Statin therapy has been proven effective in preventing cardiovascular disease recurrence after a stroke in patients below the age of 80 years.
What is pleiotropy with example?
Pleiotropy is a condition in which a single gene has multiple phenotypic expressions. E.g. Phenylketonuria is caused by a single gene defect but causes multiple effects such as mental retardation, hypopigmentation of hair and skin.
What is pleiotropy effect with example?
In genetics, Pleiotropy is defined as the expression of multiple traits by a single gene. Pleiotropy is derived from a Greek word meaning more ways. A simple example of a Pleiotropy is phenylketonuria is a disease. It is a genetic disorder caused by the low metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine in the body cells.
Should statins be avoided after intracerebral hemorrhage?
In summary, mathematical decision analysis of the available data suggests that, because of the high risk of recurrent ICH in survivors of prior hemorrhagic stroke, even a small amplification of this risk by statins suffices to recommend that they should be avoided after ICH.
What are the major side effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors statins used to treat high cholesterol?
What are statin side effects?
- Muscle pain and damage. One of the most common complaints of people taking statins is muscle pain.
- Liver damage. Occasionally, statin use could cause an increase in the level of enzymes that signal liver inflammation.
- Increased blood sugar or type 2 diabetes.
- Neurological side effects.
What is the most serious side effect of all HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
Rare but potentially serious side effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors include:
- Myositis (inflammation of the muscles)
- Elevated levels of creatine phosphokinase or creatine kinase, a muscle enzyme that when elevated can cause muscle pain, mild inflammation, and muscle weakness.
Is stroke reduction due to statin pleiotropy?
Therefore is not possible to say, based on clinical trial data that stroke reduction is due to statin pleiotropy.
What is the evidence for statin pleiotropy?
Evidence for statin pleiotropy in humans: differential effects of statins and ezetimibe on rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase activity, endothelial function, and inflammation. Circulation. 2009; 119 ( 1 ):131–138.
What is the PMI for oral pharmacotherapy for stroke prevention?
PMID: 23060914 Secondary prevention of stroke: Pleiotropic effects of optimal oral pharmacotherapy
Can pioglitazone prevent secondary stroke after TIA or stroke?
Beyond the hypoglycemic effects, the complex effects of pioglitazone could prevent secondary stroke. Since few trials have evaluated other glycemic control drugs following TIA or stroke, pioglitazone could be the most effective glycemic control agent. 6. Conclusion