Which tumor marker is characteristic of a granulosa cell tumor?
The main immunohistochemical markers expressed by these cells are vimentin, CD 99 and alpha inhibin. The serum tumor markers are estradiol, inhibin, and anti-Müllerian hormone.
What is a granulosa cell tumor of the ovary?
Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary is a rare type of ovarian cancer. This type of tumor is known as a sex cord-stromal tumor and usually occurs in adults. Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary cause higher than normal levels of estrogen in a woman’s body.
What type of bodies are found in granulosa cell Tumour?
Granulosa cell tumors are alpha-inhibin and calretinin positive, with the latter marker being more sensitive but less specific. Other immunostains that are typically positive in granulosa cell tumors include vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and CD99 (MIC2).
Is granulosa cell tumor of ovary malignant?
Introduction. Ovarian granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a malignant tumor originating from the sex-cord stromal cells of the ovary. It is an uncommon primary malignant tumor of the ovary and represents 2% to 5% of all ovarian cancers [1].
What if inhibin B is high?
Inhibin B levels are elevated in approximately 89% to 100% of patients with granulosa cell tumors and in approximately 55% to 60% of patients with epithelial ovarian tumors. A normal inhibin B level does not rule out a mucinous or granulosa ovarian cell tumor. Testing for inhibin A in these cases might be informative.
What is characteristic of a granulosa cell?
The nuclei usually are large pale ovoid or angular structures containing nuclear grooves that give them a “coffee-bean” appearance (see image below). Microfollicular pattern of an adult granulosa cell tumor at 100X magnification. Inset is characteristic Call-Exner bodies and nuclear grooves (400X).
Are granulosa cell tumors slow growing?
Granulosa cell tumor is a slow-growing cancer that starts in the granulosa cells that surround the eggs within the ovary. Diagnosed and treated early, it’s not likely to return.
Where does granulosa cell tumor spread to?
Spread is largely within the pelvis and the lower abdomen. Distant metastases are rare with few reported cases of lung, liver, brain, bone, diaphragm, abdominal wall, adrenal gland and supraclavicular lymph node metastasis from ovarian tumors.
Can a granulosa cell tumor be benign?
These can be non cancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). Granulosa cell tumours are the most common type. Treatment depends on several factors including: your age.
What is the difference between inhibin A and inhibin B?
Inhibin A seems to be the predominant form produced during the late follicular and luteal phases of the normal menstrual cycle, whereas inhibin B is the predominant form during the early and mid follicular phases of the cycle (2, 3).
What is a good inhibin B level?
Normal range for inhibin B is 10–200 pg/mL. Normal range for follicular phase estradiol level 69 to 905 pmoL/L.
What do granulosa cell tumors secrete?
Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are derived from the cells that surround developing ovarian follicles. GCTs are typically unilateral and solid and secrete estrogen.
Can a granulosa cell tumor come back after a hysterectomy?
These tumors recur rarely 5–30 years after the first diagnosis [5]. Predicting recurrence is difficult [6], and several factors, such as tumor size, stage, and mitotic index, are associated with recurrence. The recurrence site differs depending on the clinical stage or surgical procedures [7].
What happens if inhibin B is high?
The amount of inhibin B measured in serum during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (day 3) directly reflects the number of follicles in the ovary. Therefore, the higher the inhibin B, the more ovarian follicles present.
What is the role of the granulosa cells in the ovarian cycle?
The granulosa cell (GC) is a critical somatic component of the ovary. It is essential for follicle development by supporting the developing oocyte, proliferating and producing sex steroids and disparate growth factors.
What hormone does granulosa cells produce?
The granulosa cells respond to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and produce estrogen.
Which hormone is produced by granulosa cells?