What is the mechanism of action of epirubicin?
Epirubicin forms a complex with DNA by intercalation of its planar rings between nucleotide base pairs, with consequent inhibition of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and protein synthesis. Such intercalation triggers DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II, resulting in cytocidal activity.
What makes epirubicin red?
If epirubicin accidentally leaks out of the vein into which it is injected, it may damage some tissues and may cause scarring. Tell the doctor right away if you notice redness, pain, or swelling at the injection site. This medicine may cause a serious type of reaction called tumor lysis syndrome.
What is the difference between doxorubicin and epirubicin?
Epirubicin is a 4′-epimer of doxorubicin; the difference with the latter is in the reorientation (epimerization) of the hydroxyl group in the 4′ position of the daunosamine ring (Fig. 1).
What class of drug is epirubicin?
SugarEpirubicin / ClassificationSugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Wikipedia
Is epirubicin cytotoxic?
Drug type: Epirubicin is an anti-cancer (“antineoplastic” or “cytotoxic”) chemotherapy drug. This medication is classified as an “anthracyline antitumor antibiotic.” (For more detail, see “How this drug works” section below).
Is epirubicin a vesicant?
Epirubicin is classified as a vesicant since it can cause necrosis and the formation of blisters. Other chemotherapy agents classified as veiscants include ‘actinomycin D, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, idarubicin, mitomycin C, vinblastine, vindesine, vincristine and vinorelbine’.
What is epirubicin made from?
Epirubicin is classified as an antitumor antibiotic. Antitumor antibiotics are made from natural products produced by species of the soil fungus Streptomyces.
How toxic is epirubicin?
Acute overdose with epirubicin will result in severe myelosuppression (within 10 – 14 days; mainly leukopenia and thrombocytopenia), gastrointestinal toxic effects (mainly mucositis) and acute cardiac complications (within 24 hours).
Is epirubicin DNA binding?
Epirubicin is an anthracycline antineoplastic agent whose mechanism of action appears to be related to its ability to bind to nucleic acids. It forms a complex with DNA by intercalation of the planar ring with the DNA double helix resulting in inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis.
How does epirubicin affect the heart?
It can sometimes reduce the pumping strength of the heart. There is a risk that for some people, it may cause long term heart damage. The main aim of the study was to find things that could help them work out which people are at greater risk of heart damage from epirubicin.
How can chemo extravasation be prevented?
Preventing Extravasation
- Know your hospital’s policy on the use of antidotes for vesicants.
- Make sure you know the antidote and other recommended treatment for the vesicant drug you are giving.
- Ensure that the drug has been properly diluted before injection or infusion.
What is meant by extravasation?
Listen to pronunciation. (ek-STRA-vuh-SAY-shun) The leakage of blood, lymph, or other fluid, such as an anticancer drug, from a blood vessel or tube into the tissue around it.
What is the difference between infiltration and extravasation?
The difference between an infiltration and extravasation is the type of medicine or fluid that is leaked. Infiltration – if the fluid is a non-vesicant (does not irritate tissue), it is called an infiltration. Extravasation – if the fluid is a vesicant (a fluid that irritates tissue), it is called an extravasation.
When do you give hyaluronidase extravasation?
The administration should be done immediately, with benefit seen when given within 3 hours of insult. In pediatric patients or infants, a 27–30 gauge needle is used to inject five 0.2 mL injections of hyaluronidase around the infiltration site in a circular pattern.
What is difference between infiltration and extravasation?
What is the recommended treatment protocol for extravasation?
Warm compresses are preferred for extravasation of specific drugs including vinca alkaloids, etoposide, vasopressors, and oxaliplatin to increase local blood flow and enhance drug removal. Apply compresses for 20 to 60 minutes 3 or 4 times daily for the first 24 to 72 hours after extravasation occurs.
How many milligrams of hydrochloride are in an epirubicin injection?
Epirubicin Hydrochloride for Injection is supplied as a sterile, orange-red, lyophilized powder in single-dose vials containing 50 mg or 200 mg of epirubicin hydrochloride. Each 50 mg and 200 mg vial contains 250 mg and 1000 mg inactive ingredient, lactose, respectively.
What is the pharmacokinetics of epirubicin?
Epirubicin pharmacokinetics are linear over the dose range of 60 to 150 mg/m2 and plasma clearance is not affected by the duration of infusion or administration schedule.
Does epirubicin hydrochloride cause hyperuricemia?
As with other cytotoxic agents, Epirubicin Hydrochloride for Injection may induce hyperuricemia as a consequence of the extensive purine catabolism that accompanies drug-induced rapid lysis of highly chemosensitive neoplastic cells (tumor lysis syndrome). Other metabolic abnormalities may also occur.
Can epirubicin hydrochloride be used for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer?
Two randomized, open-label, multicenter studies evaluated the use of Epirubicin Hydrochloride for Injection 100 to 120 mg/m2 in combination with cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil for the adjuvant treatment of patients with axillary-node positive breast cancer and no evidence of distant metastatic disease (Stage II or III).