What are the four approaches to restoration?
There are Standards for four distinct, but interrelated, approaches to the treatment of historic properties—preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, and reconstruction.
What is the restoration method?
Restoration method is able to maintain benefits over a long time period with minimal external inputs or maintenance. The method is likely to be highly resistant or resilient to natural and anthropogenic disturbances over time and space.
What is active restoration approaches?
Active restoration is where man- agement techniques such as planting seeds or seedlings are implemented, and passive restoration is when no action is taken except to cease environmental stressors such as agriculture or grazing.
What is a reference site in restoration?
A reference ecosystem, also known as an ecological reference, is a “community of organisms able to act as a model or benchmark for restoration.” Reference ecosystems usually include remnant natural areas which have not been degraded by human activities such as agriculture, logging, development, fire suppression, or non …
What is the difference between rehabilitation and restoration?
Restoration is defined by the Society for Ecological Restoration [43] as ‘the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed’, whereas rehabilitation focuses on ‘reparation of ecosystem processes, productivity and services’.
What are some examples of restoration?
Examples of restoration projects implemented throughout the country include: the addition of habitat to Fish and Wildlife Service Refuges, National Parks, state parks and tribal lands; invasive species control; fish passage in streams and rivers; construction of bird nesting islands; wetland, saltmarsh, and eel grass …
What are the three ways of habitat restoration?
Habitat restoration is accomplished through management, protection, and reestablishment of plants by returning abiotic factors (e.g., soil chemistry, water content, disturbance) and biotic factors (e.g., species composition, interactions among species) to historical levels.
What is reference model in ecological restoration?
Reference models. provide targets toward which to restore and distinguish. ecological restoration from other kinds of environmental. repair, such as rehabilitation and species introductions, that do not necessarily return ecosystems to historic eco-
What are reference conditions?
“Reference conditions” refers to ecosystem conditions in the absence of human intervention (Stoddard et al. 2006) and to the range of natural variability in structural attributes, ecosystem functions, and biota (Landres et al. 1999, Moore et al.
What does a restoration architect do?
Restoration architects are architectural professionals that specialize in the preservation and conservation of historic buildings and monuments; they must alter or restore these buildings and monuments in order to prevent their deterioration.
What is the fundamental difference between restoration and reconstruction?
Restoration depicts a property at a particular period of time in its history, while removing evidence of other periods. Reconstruction re-creates vanished or non-surviving portions of a property for interpretive purposes.
What are the three main considerations that affect the success of a wetland restoration project?
The primary goals for conduct- ing most wetland restoration or creation projects are providing wildlife habitat, improving water quality, and providing flood protection. A focus on any one of these three main goals will influence the selection strategies used to identify potential projects.
What is a restoration project?
Restoration projects differ in their objectives and their methods of achieving those goals. Many restoration projects aim to establish ecosystems composed of a native species; other projects attempt to restore, improve, or create particular ecosystem functions, such as pollination or erosion control.
What are the three principles of habitat restoration?
While emphasizing that the primary goal of restoration is to enhance ecological integrity by restoring natural processes and resiliency, this approach pro- poses three core and interrelated princi- ples to set the stage for what constitutes good ecological restoration: 1) ecological forest restoration; 2) ecological …