How do metalloproteinases work?
A member of a group of enzymes that can break down proteins, such as collagen, that are normally found in the spaces between cells in tissues (i.e., extracellular matrix proteins). Because these enzymes need zinc or calcium atoms to work properly, they are called metalloproteinases.
Is MMP a protein?
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as matrix metallopeptidases or matrixins, are metalloproteinases that are calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins. The MMPs belong to a larger family of proteases known as the metzincin superfamily.
Where are metalloproteinases found?
Metalloelastase (MMP-12) is not only expressed primarily in macrophages but also found in hypertrophic chondrocytes [21] and osteoclasts [22]. It digests elastin and a number of ECM molecules. MMP-19 digests many ECM molecules including the components of basement membranes [23].
What does MMP mean?
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Are MMPs secreted?
MMPs are secreted as proenzymes, which are activated by proteolytic cleavage and regulated by a family of inhibitors called the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are constitutively produced by a variety of cells.
What does MMP do to collagen?
Inhibition of the collagenolytic activity of MMP-1 or MT1-MMP converts the diffusion on the collagen fibril to mostly bidirectional and random [17,20]. In intact collagen fibrils, MMP-1 cannot reach the vulnerable sites in the collagen monomer, apparently because they are covered by the C-terminal telopeptide [21].
What does MMP 2 do?
Normal Function. The MMP2 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called matrix metallopeptidase 2. This enzyme is produced in cells throughout the body and becomes part of the extracellular matrix, which is an intricate lattice of proteins and other molecules that forms in the spaces between cells.
What does MMP 9 stand for?
Matrix metallopeptidase 9
Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), also known as 92 kDa type IV collagenase, 92 kDa gelatinase or gelatinase B (GELB), is a matrixin, a class of enzymes that belong to the zinc-metalloproteinases family involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix.