What is holotype and syntype?
Holotype – a single specimen expressly designated as the name-bearing “type” by the original author of the species. Syntype – one of several specimens in a series of equal rank used to describe the new species where the author has not designated a single holotype.
What is the difference between syntype and paratype?
Syntype: Any of two or more specimens listed in the original description of a taxon when a holotype was not designated. Isosyntype: A duplicate of a syntype. Paratype: A specimen not formally designated as a type but cited along with the type collection in the original description of a taxon.
What is syntype in geology?
syn·type. (sĭn′tīp′) n. 1. One of two or more biological specimens or other elements used for the original published description of a species or subspecies when no holotype was designated.
What is paratype in taxonomy?
In taxonomy: Verification and validation by type specimens. Paratypes are specimens used, along with the holotype, in the original designation of a new form; they must be part of the same series (i.e., collected at the same immediate locality and at the same time) as the holotype.
What is syntype specimen?
Syntype: any one of two or more specimens cited in the protologue when no holotype was designated, or any one of two or more specimens simultaneously designated as types in the original description.
What is the difference between holotype and paratype?
Paratype. Even when a holotype is designated, there are often other specimens used in the original description. Those are called paratypes and were often collected at the same time and location as the holotype. Paratypes can become even more important if, for instance, a holotype is ever lost or destroyed.
What is neotype in taxonomy?
neotype In taxonomy, the specimen that is chosen to act as the ‘type’ material subsequent to a published original description. This occurs in cases where the original types have been lost, or where they have been suppressed by the ICZN.
What is a neotype?
Definition of neotype : a type specimen that is selected subsequent to the description of a species to replace a preexisting type that has been lost or destroyed.
What is holotype in taxonomy?
In taxonomy: Verification and validation by type specimens. The holotype is a single specimen designated by the original describer of the form (a species or subspecies only) and available to those who want to verify the status of other specimens.
Why are Holotypes important?
Holotypes and taxonomy are important to various parts of USGS ecosystems research, especially endangered species work. In addition, USGS scientists with the Biological Survey Unit help curate the collections at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, which include some species holotypes.
What is a Topotype?
Definition of topotype : a specimen of a species collected at the locality at which the original type was obtained.
What is isotype and Paratype?
Isoneotype: any duplicate specimen of the neotype. Paratype: a specimen cited in the protologue that is neither the holotype, isotype, nor one of the syntypes. These are often listed as representative specimens in the original description.
What is Epitype?
An epitype is a specimen or illustration selected to serve as an interpretative type when the holotype, lectotype, or previously designated neotype, or all original material associated with a validly published name, is demonstrably ambiguous and cannot be critically identified for purposes of the precise application of …
What is a syntype in botany?
In botany. In botanical nomenclature, a syntype can be made in the description of a species or an infraspecific taxon. It is defined as “any specimen cited in the protologue when there is no holotype, or any one of two or more specimens simultaneously designated as types.” (Art. 9.5).
What is a syntype specimen?
Syntypes are specimens of a type series that collectively constitute the name-bearing type. They may have been expressly designated as syntypes (see Article 73. 2. 1for acceptable terms); for a nominal species-group taxon established before 2000 all the specimens of the type series are automatically syntypes if neither a holotype.
What is the type locality of a syntype?
If all syntypes of a nominal species-group taxon have the same place of origin [Art. 76.1] that is the type locality; but if the syntypes originated from two or more localities (including different strata), the type locality encompasses all of the places of origin.