What is the pathology of colorectal cancer?
The large majority of colorectal malignancies develop from adenomatous polyps. These can be defined as well demarcated masses of epithelial dysplasia, with uncontrolled crypt cell division. An adenoma can be considered malignant when neoplastic cells pass through the muscularis mucosae and infiltrate the submucosa.
What is basal cell nevus syndrome?
Basal cell nevus syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by wide-set eyes, saddle nose, frontal bossing (prominent forehead), prognathism (prominent chin), and skeletal abnormalities. Skin manifestations include pits in the palms and soles, and numerous basal cell carcinomas (skin cancers).
What are the differential diagnosis of colon cancer?
Differential diagnosis Diverticular disease. Irritable bowel syndrome. Inflammatory bowel disease like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Hemorrhoids or piles.
What diagnostic findings are associated with colorectal cancer?
The most common tumor marker for colorectal cancer is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Blood tests for this tumor marker can sometimes suggest someone might have colorectal cancer, but they can’t be used alone to screen for or diagnose cancer.
What features does basal cell carcinoma have?
Other characteristic features of BCC tumors include the following:
- Waxy papules with central depression.
- Pearly appearance.
- Erosion or ulceration: Often central and pigmented.
- Bleeding: Especially when traumatized.
- Oozing or crusted areas: In large BCCs.
- Rolled (raised) border.
- Translucency.
- Telangiectases over the surface.
What does colon cancer look like on a CT scan?
In patients with colorectal cancer, CT typically demonstrates a discrete soft-tissue mass that narrows the colonic lumen (,Figs 1, ,2). Large masses may undergo central necrosis and thus appear as a soft-tissue mass with central low attenuation or rarely air attenuation. This appearance may resemble that of an abscess.
What is a normal tumor marker for colon cancer?
Are all adenocarcinoma malignant?
Adenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart to adenoma, which is the benign form of such tumors. Sometimes adenomas transform into adenocarcinomas, but most do not. Well differentiated adenocarcinomas tend to resemble the glandular tissue that they are derived from, while poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas may not.
What is CK20 positive mean?
For example, a CK7-negative/CK20-positive phenotype is often associated with carcinomas of colorectal origin, whereas a CK7-positive/CK20-negative phenotype is seen in a wide variety of carcinomas, including carcinomas of the lung, breast, thyroid, pancreas, and female genital tract.