How do you use supra and infra?
“Supra” is used to cite prior material while “infra” is used to cite subsequent material. Exact wording for internal cross-references, however, is flexible.
How do you use a supra?
After providing a full citation of a periodical, you may use “id.” or “supra” in subsequent citations. Use “id.” to refer to periodical material cited in the immediately preceding citation. Otherwise, use the “supra” form (Rule 16.9). ⇒ Example: Llewellyn, supra, at 401-06.
How do you cite a short case?
In general, a short form for a case has the following elements:
- Name of the case (underlined or italicized and abbreviated according to Rule 10.2)
- Volume of the reporter.
- Reporter abbreviation.
- Pinpoint citation to specific page referenced preceded by “at”
When can you use short form Bluebook?
General Rules for Short Form Case Citation A short form citation may be used to identify a case that has previously been cited in full. Typically, the court and date are omitted and a pinpoint citation is given. However, the shortened name must be unambiguous and readily identify the case being referred to.
What does infra mean citation?
A Latin term meaning “below” or “under”. A word often used in legal writing to refer the reader to a portion of the document, case, or book that comes later.
How is infra used in legal writing?
You would use “infra” only to refer to a point that is made in a later section of your document, as in the following example: “Even if this Court were to disagree, the District Court nonetheless erred because, as discussed in Part B. 2 infra, the Defendant’s right to counsel had already attached.”
How is supra used in citation?
➢ Supra/ Infra • Supra (Latin: „above‟) is used to refer to a prior footnote. If a different page number is to be indicated in a source referred to in a prior footnote E.g. Supra note 5 at 34. E.g. Supra note 5, s. 40.
What does supra mean in a citation?
Supra may be used to refer to a previously fully cited authority, unless id. would be more appropriate or supra cannot be used. In the below examples, supra is appropriate because an authority was fully cited in an earlier footnote, but not the immediately preceding one.
How do you use ibid?
If you consecutively cite the same source two or more times in a note (complete or shortened), you may use the word “Ibid” instead. Ibid is short for the Latin ibidem, which means “in the same place”. If you’re referencing the same source but different page, follow ‘Ibid’ with a comma and the new page number(s). 1.
What does infra mean in legal citation?
below
A Latin term meaning “below” or “under”. A word often used in legal writing to refer the reader to a portion of the document, case, or book that comes later. The opposite of supra.
What do supra and infra mean?
Supra refers to material that has already appeared in the document and it has its own rule at 4.2(a). Infra refers to material that appears later in the document, but never for books (see R15. 10).
Why would you use infra?
prep. Latin for “below,” this is legal shorthand to indicate that the details or citation of a case will come later on in the brief. Infra is distinguished from supra, which shows that a case has already been cited “above.” The typical language is Jones v.
What does infra mean in citation?
A Latin term meaning “below” or “under”. A word often used in legal writing to refer the reader to a portion of the document, case, or book that comes later. The opposite of supra.
What is the difference between infra and supra?
How do you use infra in a sentence?
1, She thinks catching the bus is a bit infra dig. 2, Dancing in the street is rather infra dig for a bank manager! 3, Common types are dielectric moisture meter, infra – red absorption type moisture meter, etc.
What is the difference between supra and ibid?
Ibid is used when referring to the same source in the footnote immediately above. Ibid may be used after another ibid or after a supra. Supra is used when referring to the same source in a footnote that is not immediately above.