How kala-azar can be controlled?
Spray living/sleeping areas with an insecticide to kill insects. If you are not sleeping in a well-screened or air-conditioned area, use a bed net and tuck it under your mattress. If possible, use a bed net that has been soaked in or sprayed with a pyrethroid-containing insecticide.
What is the drug of choice for kala-azar?
The aim of treatment in kala-azar is killing of the parasite with effective drugs which are cheap and less toxic. Pentavalent antimonials are the first line drugs and pentamidine and amphotericin B are the second line drugs. Recently the latter are being used as first line drugs also [12].
Why Amphotericin B is given in kala azar?
Amphotericin B deoxycholate has been used in India for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) for >1 decade. Its rediscovery as effective treatment for Leishmania donovani infection was spawned by the development of large-scale resistance to conventional pentavalent antimony therapy in Bihar State [1].
Who leishmaniasis control?
Vector control helps to reduce or interrupt transmission of disease by decreasing the number of sandflies. Control methods include insecticide spray, use of insecticide–treated nets, environmental management and personal protection.
What is antimony gluconate?
Sodium stibogluconate (Na3Sb2C12H38O26), also known as sodium antimony(V) gluconate, is a solid ionic compound that is freely soluble in water. Its precise structure is unknown; the one shown here is idealized based on the atomic formula.
How do you administer sodium stibogluconate?
Sodium stibogluconate is usually administered by intravenous or intramuscular injection daily at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day (maximum 850 mg) for 21–28 days. Intralesional injections may be used for a single lesion or a few small lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
What is the management of leishmaniasis?
Management of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis Mucocutaneous disease responds to a 20-day course of sodium antimony gluconate; amphotericin B may be used to treat advanced or resistant cases. Pentavalent antimony for a course of 4 weeks has also been recommended.
Who Tegumentary leishmaniasis?
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is a chronic, non-contagious, infectious disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The timely and proper treatment is of great importance to prevent the disease from progressing to destructive and severe forms.
What drug class is sodium stibogluconate?
Sodium stibogluconate is a medicine used to treat leishmaniasis and is only available for administration by injection. It belongs to the class of medicines known as the pentavalent antimonials.
How do you administer a sodium stibogluconate injection?
What is the best mosquito spray?
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