What is pial enhancement?
The enhancement follows along the pial surface of the brain and fills the subarachnoid spaces of the sulci and cisterns. This pattern is often referred to as leptomeningeal enhancement and is usually described as having a “gyriform” or “serpentine” appearance.
What is Leptomeninges and Pachymeninges?
The patterns of enhancement of the different layers of the meninges were divided into two types: leptomeningeal (pia and arachnoid), when enhancement of the meninges followed the convolutions of the gyri and/or involved the meninges around the basal cisterns; and pachymeningeal (dura), when the enhancement was thick …
What is Gyriform diffusion?
Gyriform restricted diffusion (GRD) refers to hyperintense signal involving the cerebral cortex on diffusion-weighted images (DWI) with corresponding hypointensity on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images.
What is enhancement radiology?
Contrast enhancement is a ubiquitous term in radiology and can be used in three ways. Firstly, it may refer to any method of exaggerating the visible difference between adjacent structures on imaging by administering contrast media/agents. This includes differentiating between normal structures.
What does enhancement mean on CT?
CT enhancement shows the degree of enhancement of the mass of the pancreatic head neck were the same as the normal pancreatic tissue.
What does homogeneously enhancing mass mean?
a Homogeneous enhancement is defined as a uniform attenuation of a tumor on post-contrast images; b, c heterogeneous enhancement is defined as a mixture of high and low attenuation within a tumor on post-contrast images; heterogeneous enhancement < 50% of tumor area (Fig.
What are the Leptomeninges?
THE LEPTOMENINGES Leptomeninx is the term used when the pia mater and arachnoid are considered together as a functional unit and contraposed to pachymeninx (from the Greek packys, meaning thick), designates the finer meningeal coverings. The arachnoid is attached to the overlying dura mater.
What is T2 and flair Hyperintensities?
Focal hyperintensities in the subcortical white matter demonstrated by T2-weighted or FLAIR images are a common incidental finding in patients undergoing brain MRI for indications other than stroke. They are indicative of chronic microvascular disease.
What does enhancement mean in CT?
What are the three phases of IV contrast enhancement?
Phases
| Phase | Time from injection |
|---|---|
| Early systemic arterial phase | 15-20 sec |
| Late systemicarterial phase Sometimes also called “arterial phase” or “early venous portal phase” | 35-40 sec |
| Pancreatic phase | 30 or 40 – 50 sec |
| Hepatic (most accurate) or late portal phase | 70-80 sec |
What does enhancing nodule mean?
The small enhancing brain nodule was defined as an enhancing round nodule ≤10 mm diameter without oedema or haemorrhage. Brain nodules were primarily identified in formal brain MRI scan reports, and each MRI image was reviewed to identify small enhancing brain nodules.
What does heterogeneously enhancing mass mean?
“Heterogeneous enhancement” is non-uniform with variable signal intensity. “Rim enhancement” shows more pronounced enhancement towards the periphery than the center. “Dark Internal Septations” are non-enhancing lines within a mass; while “Enhancing Internal Septations” are enhancing lines within a mass.
Why are they called leptomeninges?
The term leptomeningeal (from the Greek lepto, meaning ‘fine’ or ‘slight’) describes the thin meninges, the arachnoid and the pia mater, between which the cerebrospinal fluid is located. The disorder was originally reported by Eberth in 1870.
Where are leptomeninges located?
Together, the arachnoid mater and pia mater are called leptomeninges. There are three spaces within the meninges: The epidural space is a space between your skull and dura mater and the dura mater of your spinal cord and the bones of your vertebral column.